In the Land of God and Man free essay sample

An investigation of life in Latin America dependent on the book In the Land of God and Man: A Latin Womans Journey by Silvana Paternostro. This near examination looks at the creators own ethnicity just as that of Latin America. Examined are the progressions, for example, socialization, social mentalities, laws and customs, which should be made so ladies can have more opportunity. Paper depends on Silvana Paternostros In the Land of God and Man: A Latin Womans Journey. Paternostro depicts how she was awed by mens power, even their marks, about whom I was overcome with interest. What they did, how they talked appeared to be considerably more alive than what ladies (Paternostro 1999). Men discussed governmental issues and things that appeared to be quite a lot more significant than womens lives. It makes one think about the scene from Gone With the Wind, when the men resign to the library for stogies and cognac. We will compose a custom article test on In the Land of God and Man or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They close the entryways and talk about masculine things, while the ladies keep an eye on womanly things and little youngsters take rests, far away from the shut entryways of the library. What's more, if a female ought to enter, she may be humored for a second however was unavoidably taken care of. Paternostro depicted how she also was humored when she challenged attempt to examine governmental issues with the men, speedily and respectfully set in her proper place. She was told, Its not appealing to be so opinioned (Paternostro 1999). She stated, My place as a lady was a devotee (Paternostro 1999).

Summary and Critique of George F. Will’s View on Inaugural Addresses Free Essays

Swim Vierheller Professor Combs English 300 27 September 2012 ‘Let Us’†¦? No, Give it a Rest Summary and Critique George F. Will is a Pulitzer-Prize author and a proofreader for Newsweek. He is notable for his solid moderate political analysis. We will compose a custom paper test on Rundown and Critique of George F. Will’s View on Inaugural Addresses or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now He examines the historical backdrop of Inaugural Addresses and how they mirror the manner in which the nation has changed consistently. He calls attention to various contrasts, for example, sentence structure, tone, and points. For instance, he refers to the numbering of words. He specifies George Washington’s second sentence of his location, which was 87 words. From one viewpoint, I was brought by my nation, whose voice I can never hear yet with adoration and love, from a retreat which I had picked with the fondest preference, and, in my complimenting trusts, with a changeless choice, as the haven of my declining yearsâ€a retreat which was rendered each day increasingly vital just as progressively dear to me by the expansion of propensity to tendency, and of successive breaks in my wellbeing to the steady sit around idly on it by time. In those days, the way of life was entirely different, as a great many people figured out how to peruse were through troublesome writing, for example, Pilgrim’s Progress and the King James Bible. Herbert Stein, â€Å"who for a long time was a financial expert and authority of American’s political culture,† found that the normal number of words per sentence for Inaugural Addresses has consistently diminished: â€Å"from Washington through Buchanan the normal number of words per sentence was 44; from Lincoln through Wilson, 34; since Wilson, 25. † Will accepts that â€Å"the general shortening of sentences reflects, to a limited extent, an adjustment in nature of Inaugural Addresses. He alludes to Teddy Roosevelt who called the administration â€Å"a menace podium. † Later locations have had a motivator to disclose to Americans how to carry on with expressions, for example, â€Å"The just thing we need to fear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"Ask not†¦ † A progressively mainstream state which was utilized by Kennedy and Nixon was â€Å"Let us†¦,† which as indicated by Will implies, â€Å"For Pete’s purpose, try harder and shape up. † The substance of the Inaugural Addresses has likewise changed. George Washington must be substantially more unobtrusive, talking about his own issues and as much as he might want to rest, his nation was calling him. Initially with Washington, the issue was that he would have the option to transform the administration into another government. Around the hour of Cleveland and Garfield, a significant issue was polygamy. During the hour of Monroe, the issue was seaside strongholds. Starting today, these are no longer on the rundown of significant issues. This movement shows how the nation has become over the numerous years. In spite of the fact that Will is cheerful that we don't need to discuss the issues of the past any longer, he doesn't care for the shortening of sentences and how Presidents have become progressively like evangelists. He shows valuation for Washington’s unobtrusiveness in spite of the measure of recognition he was showered with, yet sees how there were various issues during that time. The greater part of what Will says is upheld up with some solid focuses, utilizing genuine data from past individuals, for example, Cleveland, Garfield, and Teddy Roosevelt. This significantly backs up his cases, making them difficult to contend against. He makes solid contentions that plainly show how there has been a serious change since the commencement of the Inaugural Addresses. A noteworthy point he raises is the reduction in the word tally per sentence throughout the years. It’s valid there has been a significant change in writing throughout the years. By and by, I experienced some difficulty staying aware of the unimaginably long sentence made by George Washington. It’s intriguing how he somewhat reprimands it for the â€Å"change in the idea of Inaugural Addresses. † I’m not certain in the event that I see a lot of association between the two. Likewise, however shorter sentences shows our perusing mental muscles are more fragile than our ancestors’, yet this doesn't appear to have any significant negative impact on society, except if Will’s explanation about the changing in Inaugural Addresses as a team with shortening of sentences is valid. This leads us to another point about the setting of Inaugural Addresses. Taking a gander at the pieces of Washington’s address or Lincoln’s address (â€Å"Fondly do we trust, intensely do we ask, this may scourge of war may rapidly pass away†¦ With perniciousness toward none, with foundation for all†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ), they show expectation and love in their talks. When taking a gander at later ones, they’ve become substantially more lecture y. For Will, this doesn't appear to be a decent change, and I need to concur with him here. In any event to start with, it’s never been the President’s occupation to reveal to us how to carry on. The facts confirm that he is our pioneer, yet his part in driving the nation is dealing with political issues, for example, government law and discretionary difficulties. Another extremely fascinating issue he raises is the extraordinary change in topic from discourse to discourse. With Washington, it was the dread of government. For Monroe, it was seaside strongholds. For Lincoln, it was servitude. For Garfield and Cleveland, it was polygamy. Consistently, the seriousness of the nation’s issues has declined. It’s truly something to be glad about. It shows that in spite of different reasons Will has brought up, this nation has developed to improve things. We’ll consistently have issues and we’ll continue attempting to settle them. This invigorates us drive and shows our and inspiration. In his article, Will has worked superbly of sponsorship up his sentiments with solid truthful data. While I don't totally concur with him, I’m ready to comprehend and regard his perspectives. Actually the main issue I have with the paper is the supposition on how the shortening of sentences â€Å"reflects†¦ an adjustment in the idea of Inaugural Addresses,† in light of the fact that I can’t see how that precisely functions. Works Cited Will, George F. â€Å"‘Let Us’†¦? No, Give it a Rest. † Newsweek 22 Jan. 2001: 64. Print. . Step by step instructions to refer to Summary and Critique of George F. Will’s View on Inaugural Addresses, Papers

Live of Women in Renaissance

The enthusiasm of researchers and students of history in women’s Renaissance is as yet developing as there are various thoughts and mentalities towards life of ladies in that verifiable period. Did ladies have their Renaissance? Some had, while others didn’t. In any case, Renaissance has assumed significant job in arrangement women’s character and personality. Renaissance was the initial step on the long street to women’s opportunity and fairness. The theme has been picked as persecution of ladies and mastery of men was an essential matter of worry in fiction writing, just as in social and political tractates. Ladies were regularly mistreated and subjected and, hence, had less open doors for their Renaissance. Before talking about the effect of Renaissance on ladies history it is important to depict what job were forced on ladies in the public arena. (Zwanger, 1997) As a matter of fact, ladies in Renaissance can be delegated conventional ladies who played out the forced job and uncommon ladies who would in general show their character and express their personality through workmanship and writing. By and large, ladies were considered just bearers of youngsters and servants. Along these lines, they were second rate compared to men and customs got them far from public activity. Women’s errands were standard and just rich ladies were permitted to escape from making garments and administrating food creation. Since thirteenth century ladies were denied to assume responsibility for food providers as it was viewed as full guys job. Renaissance ladies were dynamic just in turning fleece and checking as it was viewed as female errands. Spouses were taboo to take an interest in business as they needed to keep their homes. All things considered, Renaissance was the universe of men and the world for men. Antiquarians guarantee that ladies had more chances and employments during the Middle Ages as opposed to during Renaissance. The explanation is that private enterprise prompted increasingly effective creation and women’s financial centrality was diminished. More ladies stayed jobless and they were saved money on similar occupations. (Zwanger, 1997) All things considered, there were crossroads in Renaissance history of ladies which affected the future arrangement of ladies as characters with equivalent rights and openings. Specifically, a few ladies would in general express their character in craftsmanship and writing making other ladies re-thing their societal position and openings for work. Such uncommon ladies were among the first to talk about ladies rights, their interest in business, public activity, and so on with time ladies increased more opportunity and were furnished with more chances to communicate. (Zwanger, 1997) During Renaissance workmanship was an incredible technique to control ladies as it built a horde of social weights offering rich material for study female job. Financial limitations and less open doors forestalled numerous ladies to commit their life to expressions. Reported Renaissance specialists were either offspring of aristocrats or girls of craftsmen and they were required to have artistic and music aptitudes. In spite of they were gifted, their vocations completed after marriage. Nonetheless, they attempt to make craftsmanship equivalent for people. A few ladies were dynamic masterful benefactors who organized concurrences with specialists. For instance, one of the aristocrats, Isabella d’Este appointed huge measure of craftsmanship having embellished her private studios.â Mostly, pictures spoke to conventional ladies ideals as purity, moral virtue and loyalty. Besides, a few ladies utilized craftsmanship to fortify their capacity. For instance, Eleonora of Toledo was hitched to Cosimo I de’Medici and she utilized her representation with the child to reinforce her political force in Tuscany. (Zwanger, 1997) Taking everything into account it is important to layout that the essential effect of Renaissance ladies on their future was the way that through workmanship they would in general fortify their social political positions and to demonstrate that they were character who merited equivalent rights and openings. Notwithstanding Renaissance was mostly a men’s world in which ladies were managed and constrained by absence of autonomy and social weight, gradually they began their war for opportunity and freedom. (Zwanger, 1997) References Zwanger, Meryl. (1997). Ladies and Art in Renaissance. Recovered May 1, 2008, from http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sister/Renaissance.html     Â

US News 2007 College Rankings

For those of you who have not yet seen it yet, the Top Ten in US News this year are: 1. Princeton University(NJ) 2. Harvard University(MA) 3. Yale University(CT) 4. California Institute of Technology 4. Stanford University(CA) 4. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology 7. University of Pennsylvania 8. Duke University(NC) 9. Dartmouth College(NH) 9. Columbia University(NY) 9. University of Chicago How much should you use the above data? Very little. The rankings themselves are fairly meaningless. What do they measure? What is the difference between #1 and #2 or #1 and #9. Do the criteria of the rankers match your criteria? Without the answers to these questions, you shouldnt use the rankings at all. While the overall rankings may be fairly useless, the statistical data included with the rankings can be helpful. First of all, they give you an indication of whether you qualify for particular programs. Some of the specialty rankings may help you if they measure factors of importance to you. They also allow you to compare programs on a limited set of criteria. But no one can rank the schools for you. No one. For a few other views of rankings and choosing schools, please see: Rank Colleges, but Rank Them Right from the New York Times Who Needs Harvard The Admissions Process: Matching or Score-Keeping Ranking Season is Upon Us in Notes from Peabody, a UVA Admission blog.

The Change Nature of Islam - 1806 Words

A. Introduction How to describe Islam correctly? This question has been a concern for many International Relations experts. Experts realize that they face new issues in the New Millennium after almost five decades discussing the Cold War and how to end it. In the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union took a central stage. Both of them were country. In present time, non-state actors have taken part in international politics issues. Terrorists and religious groups are prominent actor in analyzing the current situation in international politics. The 11 September 2001 incident had disenchanted experts that Islam is substantial factor in international politics. When experts and mass media tried to know what public in general†¦show more content†¦This situation potentially leads Muslims and non-Muslims into conflict. In non-Muslim dominated countries, this situation will not occur due to the limitedness of Muslim’s power. This statement has clearer and deeper reason rather than other assumption because this explanation is based on verses in The Koran. But, this argument could not explain some phenomena that occurred in a Muslim country. For example, Indonesia, which is dominated by Muslims, applies democratic system in it constitution and holds general election to choose their leader and their representative. Actually, democratic system and general election is not part of The Koran. In fact, the Koran has its own system to choose leader. Finally, what is the essential core of Islam is a complex question to answer. But, based on Muhammad’s leadership historic fact, Islam was not promoting aggressive approach or anti tolerant values in it early ages. Thus, the approach method to promote Islam is based on actor involved in that process. The Crusade and Arab-Israel War impact towards Islam The Crusade is always discussed in two contexts (Supardi-Hasibuan). The first context is that Crusades was part of history repetition and the Western civilization was against the Eastern civilization at one point. Whereas, the second context is that Crusades was the Holy War between Christian and Islam for Holy City, Jerusalem. According to Supardi Hasibuan,Show MoreRelatedReligion And Violence Is Currently One Of The Most Recurrent1623 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Shariatmadari and Neil MacDonald treated in their articles Should we blame Islam for terrorism?, and How the word ‘terrorism’ lost its meaning, respectively. They both assume that the political is manipulative in a way that it exploits terrorism and religion to reach its objectives. In addition, this trilogy is sometimes turned into a duality where religion and politics are fused together especially in the case of Islam. This fusion is addressed by Peter Beinart in America’s Most Prominent Anti-MuslimRead MoreIslamic Reform Since 9/111184 Words   |  5 Pages The religion of Islam garners large amounts attention. Many believe it is a violent and backwards religion. Since 9/11, Islamic reform has become an all-purpose phrase: equally a western impulse to protect itself from Muslim violence and a humanist notion aimed at assist ing voiceless Muslims (Eteraz1). Extreme displays of Islamic faith such as the attacks on the World Trade Center on 9/11 have generated negative stereotypes about Islam as a religion. These stereotypes of violence and backwardsRead MoreCommon Threads Throughout Judaism, Christianity, and Islam1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have over many thousands of years established many traditions and beliefs. Many of these are from their respective book of scripture such as the Bible, Torah, or Qu’ran. 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The events that took place, is considered to be one of the quickest and affecting movements in history. As the movement took place, the Islam introduced a powerful political system, as well as the Islamic beliefs ofRead MoreIntroduction. Islam And Medieval Christianity Have Had1229 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Islam and Medieval Christianity have had a combative attitude towards each other. Islam considers Jesus as a continuation of the line of the Prophets, while Christians consider Jesus as the Son of God who came to redeem the world from its fallen nature. These two religions are one two of the largest religions across the world and impact billions of people. Some individuals in both religions view each other as infidels and the only recourse is to remove them from the society at largeRead MoreThe Religion of Islam Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesIslam is derived from the Arabic root salaama meaning peace, purity, submission and obedience. Islam stands for making peace by submitting to the will of God and obeying His law. Jews and Christians view Islam as the latest of the worlds great religions. However, worldwide Muslims (sometimes written Moslems) understand their universal religion as the final religion and the primal religion. As final, Islam is Gods final revelation of prophetic religion, in fulfillment of all that hadRead MoreCritique Of The s And Mahmood s Influential Ethnographies, A Great Deal Of Attention1431 Words   |  6 Pageshave been calls for a shift in analytical attention towards ‘everyday’ Islam. These works have tried to show how ethics are an intrinsic part of everyday life and do not necessarily depend upon religious frameworks. However, this turn towards â€Å"the everyday† has been subject to fierce criticism, notably from Fadil and Fernando who argue that the approaches of Schielke and others relies on a strong normative claim about human nature which renders revivalist or pious Muslims as exceptional and not â€Å"real†Read Morechanges in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500 C.E783 Words   |  4 PagesChanges in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500C.E The role of religion has changed over time in West Africa from the migration of Islam bringing its new faith, rituals, and establishment of a greater connection with the outside world through trade and cultural diffusion. However the unique African religion that existed beforehand was still retained; the African culture still believing in animism and polytheism even after the spread of Islam. From 1000-1500 CE the role of religion has seen changes and continuities

Why Marijuana Has Affected The Crime Rate - 1589 Words

The next article was another one from the drug policy website. It briefly went over the crime rate statistics after the legalization of marijuana. It advises the city of Denver saw a decrease in violent crime rates in the first 11 months of 2014, following a similar trend in 2013. Statewide traffic fatalities continue to decline, according to the Colorado Department of Transportation. Upwards of $8 million has been allocated to fund youth education and drug prevention efforts. And the state is enjoying economic growth and the lowest unemployment rate in years. This article provided information in reference to how legalizing marijuana has affected the crime rate in Colorado. Again, this article only tells the positive statistics however†¦show more content†¦After reading this article it sounds like legalizing marijuana would be a great asset to Florida. On the patients for medical marijuana website I found the next article very interesting. It states that scientists have shown that smoking any plant is bad for your lungs, because it increases the number of lesions in your small airways. This usually does not threaten your life, but there is a chance it will lead to infections. Marijuana users who are worried about this can find less harmful ways of taking marijuana like eating or vaporizing. It is there opinion that marijuana smokers generally don’t chain smoke, and so they smoke less. They also believe that marijuana is not physically addictive like tobacco. The more potent marijuana is, the less a smoker will use at a time. While other articles state otherwise, this one says that tobacco contains nicotine, and marijuana doesn’t. Nicotine hardens the arteries and may be responsible for much of the heart disease caused by tobacco. It also reminds us that research has found that tobacco use may also cause a lot of canc ers. This is because it breaks down into a cancer causing chemical called `N Nitrosamine’ when it is burned (and maybe even while it is inside the body as well.) There are currently no cases of lung cancer resulting from marijuana use alone according to this article. They believe the more legal marijuana gets, the safer it is. This article added that researchers wereShow MoreRelatedMarijuana is use in bible Genesis where they gave mankind the power over every land, sea, and1400 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is use in bible Genesis where they gave mankind the power over every land, sea, and animal not mention every seed bearing plant. Marijuana is a seed bearing plant. Marijuana is used in world religious. Coming from different back ground with stereo type family background has allowed me to see the effects that drugs can have on someone life. 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Interestingly, all these commodities mentioned above h ave common characteristics:Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1514 Words   |  7 PagesRecreational marijuana use is an issue that affects so many lives of people over the years. Whether the user is young or old, it can still harm their health both physically and mentally, and despite the fact that people say it can help reduce or put an end to the drug war violence and thus lower down crime rates in countries like Mexico (Berlatsky, 2), meaning it would decrease the amount of violence and problems from occurring, it’s not enough to outweigh the risks of recreational marijuana on peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1656 Words   |  7 Pageslegalization of marijuana. In 2014 expected tax revenue from the marijuana industry is an expected $67 million just in Colorado alone. Now in Washington their government is allocating a 25% excise tax on marijuana. While in Colorado they assigned a proposition to enable a 15% excise tax, and a 10% sales tax on recreational marijuana. Marijuana is stimulating businesses all over, whether it be real estate, construction, or candy! Business owners are using the legalization of marijuana to their advantageRead MoreDisparities Of Justice : How Positive Change Is Made Difficult1450 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Black Lives Matter†, Americans are once again faced with the topic of racial discrimination in our justice system. Despite how divisive this issue can get, both sides must concede that something is terribly wrong here: black men are incarcerated at a rate six times more than whites and one in three black men will go to jail at least once in their life (Rehavi). Most would agree that racial profiling is a large contributor to this phenomenon, yet the difference of opinion begins to split when the discussionRead MoreMarijuana’S Historic Misrepresentation Defines The Reasons1699 Words   |  7 Pagesbehind its classification of this drug and why most Americans stand where they do on this is sue. However, marijuana being released from the classification of a level 1 drug could definitely have a positive effect on our country. Lowering where it stands on the DEA’s drug classification schedule, would give marijuana the opportunity to become federally legal and have an impact throughout our entire country, rather than only those few open minded states. If marijuana wasn’t misclassified its medicinal propertiesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?930 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana be legalized? The legalization of Marijuana in the United States has been a hot controversial topic in the past few years. Marijuana is classified by the Controlled Substance Act as a schedule 1 drug, meaning there are no medicinal benefits and has a high risk of being abused. Marijuana has been illegal since the 1930s, after newspapers falsely exaggerating violence committed by immigrants intoxicated by marijuana. Along with the newly formed Federal Bureau of Narcotics caused marijuanaRead More Pro Legalization of Marijuana in the United States Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesseems as if the legalization of marijuana is being set on the back burner of legislation. There are so many opinions, sides, and overall arguments for and against it that many vote seeking politicians and policy makers have put up a strong resistance to this issue. In this paper I will illustrate the reasons why I think marijuana should indeed be legalized and also the arguments from people who disagree and feel that it sho uld stay an illegal drug. Marijuana has been around for centuries. It comes

Effective communication is factor of organizational - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about Effective communication is factor of organizational. Answer: Introduction Effective communication is a significant factor that determines organizational development, as effective communication provides an opportunity for the business organizations to perform the basic functions of management effortlessly and effectively. Poor communication in the business organizations leads to confused and frustrated employees because the employees lack suitable understanding about the organization and individual roles and responsibilities. Additionally, poor communication prohibits the exchange of ideas and information thereby, hampering the working culture of the organization (Russ et al., 2013). This report highlights the role of communication expert and analyzing the role of poor communication practices in organizational crisis and failures. I am to write an investigative report to the Chairperson of The New Zealand Society of Professional Communicators (NZSPC) Margaret Knowles that discusses the potential causes of poor public communication and assessing the risks of poor public communication. Additionally, the report also sheds light on the suitable recommendations for mitigating poor public communication. Causes of poor public communication Failure to establish effective communication leads to dissatisfied and disengages employees thereby, hampering the working environment. The potential causes of poor public communication include lack of leadership, unclear job roles and responsibilities, cultural diversity, personal issue and disengaged employees (Tschannen-Moran, 2014). Lack of leadership As commented by Driver (2013), leaders provide the direction to the individuals at workplace thereby, leading them to achieve success. Poor leadership skills lead to poor communication as the leaders fail to inspire and provide confidence to the employees. As the leaders are unable to clarify the queries of the employees, they are left in the dark. As the leaders are unable to communicate the organizational goals and objectives to the employees, the employees are unclear regarding what to achieve thereby, hampering workplace. Unclear job roles and responsibilities Communications help in ensuring a clear flow of information at workplace thereby, keeping track of finished and unfinished work. As commented by Zhang et al. (2014), it is the duty of the managers to communicate the roles and responsibilities of the individual employees. Thus, a poor communication leads to unclear job roles and responsibilities in the employees there, hampering their individual and organizational performances. Unclear job roles and responsibilities also result in overlapping activities performed by the employees thereby, hampering the progress of work. Cultural diversity The workplace consists of culturally diversified individuals that are a major cause of poor communication. The individuals face difficulties in keeping their personal agenda and cultural heritage behind while communicating with a culturally diversified workplace. As mentioned by Moran, Abramson and Moran (2014), cultural differences and individual cultural belief lead to poor public communication thereby, hampering individual and organizational performances. Disengaged employees It is essential for the human resource management to engage their employees successfully. This is because disengaged employees have insufficient knowledge and understanding of the organizational goals and objectives. As the employees lack adequate knowledge, they lack interest in work and limits communication that affects the workplace atmosphere (Bhuanaiah Raya, 2014). Personal issue It has been seen that personal issues and conflicts are one of the major causes of poor communication. The individuals face difficulty in keeping their personal agenda and ego aside thereby, leading to poor communication. Inability to understand the opinions and perspectives of the fellow individuals at the workplace without being patient leads too personal issues and conflicts that lead to poor communication (Yan et al., 2013). Figure 1: Causes of poor communication (Source: Yan et al., 2013) The above graph shows that lack of leadership is the potential cause of poor communication. Additional factors such as cultural diversity and interpersonal issues hamper communication between individuals due to which organizational performance is hampered. Risks of poor public communication Poor interpersonal relationships Ineffective communication leads to the poor interpersonal relationship among the employees. This is because the individuals prefer not to communicate with other individuals due to personal issues and conflicts. With time, the individuals tend to develop grudges against each other due to lack of communication. Additionally, the individuals also develop misconceptions and misunderstand the actions of the fellow individuals thereby, leading to poor interpersonal relationships. Lack of communication results in frequent conflicts, as the individuals fail to develop trust and strong relationship with others. They do not support each other at work thereby, giving rise to an unhealthy competitive working environment. Thus, the potential risk of poor public communication is poor interpersonal relationships that hamper organizational and individual performances (King et al., 2013). Demotivated employees It is essential for the human resource management to motivate the employees at regular intervals so that they stick to the organizational goals and objectives and works towards fulfilling them. As commented by Lundgren and McMakin (2013), lack of communication leads to demotivated workforce or employees that hampers the performances. Individuals can be motivated effectively by ensuring effective communication. Poor communication prevents the leaders to develop a successful relationship with the individuals. Additionally, lack of communication prevents the leaders to develop understanding about the situation of the individuals and understanding their problems. As a result, motivation is hampered thereby, leading to demotivated individuals or employees. Loss of business Communication is the key tool that determines the success of the business. As commented by Bovee, Thill and Raina (2016), poor communication results in loss of business for the business organizations. This is because the business organizations fail to understand to present needs and demands of the target customers. Lack of communication prevents the business organizations to develop in depth knowledge about the employees as well as the target customers. As a result, the business organizations are unable to develop products and services that fulfil the demands and needs of the customers thereby, failing to attract the target customers and business maximization. Unclear flow of information within organization Poor communication leads to the unclear flow of information within the organizations. This is because poor communication prohibits the individuals working in the business organization to communicate with each other. As a result, the individuals fail to share information and ideas that to fellow individuals that are significant for completion or achievement of tasks (Russ et al., 2013). Thus, the quality of the task is hampered, as the ineffective and poor communication is practiced within the business organizations. Additionally, the unclear flow of information within the business organization results in repetitive job roles and responsibilities among the employees. For instance, more than one employee performs similar tasks at the same time that is essential for completing the project successfully thereby, wasting time. Moreover, the unclear flow of information prohibits the individuals within the organization to keep track of the work completed and left. Figure 2: Risks of poor communication (Sources: Russ et al., 2013) The above graph shows that loss of business is the major loss that the business organization encounters due to poor communication. This is because lack of communication hampers clear flow of information within the business organization that prohibits the organizations to achieve goals and objectives successfully. In addition to, poor interpersonal relationships, demotivated employees are also the potential risks of poor communication. Recommendations for improving communication It is essential for the business organizations to improve their organizational communication, as this ensures successful business and ability to sustain in the competitive market. The suitable recommendations for improving poor communication within the business organizations include: Issue: Unclear flow of information Recommendation 1: Conducting regular meetings Regular meetings will help in improving poor communication, as this will influence frequent interaction among the employees. Additionally, regular meetings will make the employees comfortable with each other thereby, facilitating sharing required ideas and information (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). Recommendation 2: Encouraging sharing of information The managers and the leaders will have to encourage the individuals in the organizations for sharing information. This can be achieved by letting them know the advantages of effective communication in achieving better organizational and individual performances. Issue: Poor interpersonal relationships Recommendation 1: Active listening Active listening will also help in improving poor communication, as this will provide an opportunity for the individuals to understand the viewpoint and perspective of the other party before making their stand. Recommendation 2: Using multiple channels for communication Poor communication can also be improved by communicating through multiple channels. The business organizations can use meetings, face-to-face talks, telephone, emails and texts to communicate the messages to the respective individual. Issue: Demotivated employees Recommendation 1: Repeating significant messages Poor communication can also be improved by repeating the significant messages. It might happen that the individuals forget significant information thereby, hampering work. Thus, repeating the significant messages by setting reminders can help in improving poor communication. Recommendation 2: Providing effective leadership Effective leadership will help in improving poor communication, as the leaders will motivate the employees to communicate with each other that will help in building a strong relationship at the workplace and working together towards fulfilling the organizational goals and objectives. Conclusion In this investigative report, it can be concluded that communication is the key factor that determines the success of the business organizations. Failure to ensure effective communication prevents the business organizations to achieve competitive advantage and sustain in the market, as the clear flow of information and sharing of ideas is prevented. The potential causes of poor public communication include lack of effective leadership, unclear job roles and responsibilities, cultural diversity, personal issue and disengaged employees. As a result, the individuals are unable to grow the strong relationship with each other thereby, giving rise to the unhealthy competitive working environment. The causes of poor communication impose potential risks for the business organizations such as poor interpersonal relationships, demotivated employees, and loss of business and unclear flow of information within the organization. As a result, the business organizations tend to lose competitive adv antage and sustain in the competitive market. 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