The Change Nature of Islam - 1806 Words

A. Introduction How to describe Islam correctly? This question has been a concern for many International Relations experts. Experts realize that they face new issues in the New Millennium after almost five decades discussing the Cold War and how to end it. In the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union took a central stage. Both of them were country. In present time, non-state actors have taken part in international politics issues. Terrorists and religious groups are prominent actor in analyzing the current situation in international politics. The 11 September 2001 incident had disenchanted experts that Islam is substantial factor in international politics. When experts and mass media tried to know what public in general†¦show more content†¦This situation potentially leads Muslims and non-Muslims into conflict. In non-Muslim dominated countries, this situation will not occur due to the limitedness of Muslim’s power. This statement has clearer and deeper reason rather than other assumption because this explanation is based on verses in The Koran. But, this argument could not explain some phenomena that occurred in a Muslim country. For example, Indonesia, which is dominated by Muslims, applies democratic system in it constitution and holds general election to choose their leader and their representative. Actually, democratic system and general election is not part of The Koran. In fact, the Koran has its own system to choose leader. Finally, what is the essential core of Islam is a complex question to answer. But, based on Muhammad’s leadership historic fact, Islam was not promoting aggressive approach or anti tolerant values in it early ages. Thus, the approach method to promote Islam is based on actor involved in that process. The Crusade and Arab-Israel War impact towards Islam The Crusade is always discussed in two contexts (Supardi-Hasibuan). The first context is that Crusades was part of history repetition and the Western civilization was against the Eastern civilization at one point. Whereas, the second context is that Crusades was the Holy War between Christian and Islam for Holy City, Jerusalem. According to Supardi Hasibuan,Show MoreRelatedReligion And Violence Is Currently One Of The Most Recurrent1623 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Shariatmadari and Neil MacDonald treated in their articles Should we blame Islam for terrorism?, and How the word ‘terrorism’ lost its meaning, respectively. They both assume that the political is manipulative in a way that it exploits terrorism and religion to reach its objectives. In addition, this trilogy is sometimes turned into a duality where religion and politics are fused together especially in the case of Islam. This fusion is addressed by Peter Beinart in America’s Most Prominent Anti-MuslimRead MoreIslamic Reform Since 9/111184 Words   |  5 Pages The religion of Islam garners large amounts attention. Many believe it is a violent and backwards religion. Since 9/11, Islamic reform has become an all-purpose phrase: equally a western impulse to protect itself from Muslim violence and a humanist notion aimed at assist ing voiceless Muslims (Eteraz1). Extreme displays of Islamic faith such as the attacks on the World Trade Center on 9/11 have generated negative stereotypes about Islam as a religion. These stereotypes of violence and backwardsRead MoreCommon Threads Throughout Judaism, Christianity, and Islam1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have over many thousands of years established many traditions and beliefs. Many of these are from their respective book of scripture such as the Bible, Torah, or Qu’ran. 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However, this turn towards â€Å"the everyday† has been subject to fierce criticism, notably from Fadil and Fernando who argue that the approaches of Schielke and others relies on a strong normative claim about human nature which renders revivalist or pious Muslims as exceptional and not â€Å"real†Read Morechanges in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500 C.E783 Words   |  4 PagesChanges in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500C.E The role of religion has changed over time in West Africa from the migration of Islam bringing its new faith, rituals, and establishment of a greater connection with the outside world through trade and cultural diffusion. However the unique African religion that existed beforehand was still retained; the African culture still believing in animism and polytheism even after the spread of Islam. From 1000-1500 CE the role of religion has seen changes and continuities

Why Marijuana Has Affected The Crime Rate - 1589 Words

The next article was another one from the drug policy website. It briefly went over the crime rate statistics after the legalization of marijuana. It advises the city of Denver saw a decrease in violent crime rates in the first 11 months of 2014, following a similar trend in 2013. Statewide traffic fatalities continue to decline, according to the Colorado Department of Transportation. Upwards of $8 million has been allocated to fund youth education and drug prevention efforts. And the state is enjoying economic growth and the lowest unemployment rate in years. This article provided information in reference to how legalizing marijuana has affected the crime rate in Colorado. Again, this article only tells the positive statistics however†¦show more content†¦After reading this article it sounds like legalizing marijuana would be a great asset to Florida. On the patients for medical marijuana website I found the next article very interesting. It states that scientists have shown that smoking any plant is bad for your lungs, because it increases the number of lesions in your small airways. This usually does not threaten your life, but there is a chance it will lead to infections. Marijuana users who are worried about this can find less harmful ways of taking marijuana like eating or vaporizing. It is there opinion that marijuana smokers generally don’t chain smoke, and so they smoke less. They also believe that marijuana is not physically addictive like tobacco. The more potent marijuana is, the less a smoker will use at a time. While other articles state otherwise, this one says that tobacco contains nicotine, and marijuana doesn’t. Nicotine hardens the arteries and may be responsible for much of the heart disease caused by tobacco. It also reminds us that research has found that tobacco use may also cause a lot of canc ers. 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Effective communication is factor of organizational - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about Effective communication is factor of organizational. Answer: Introduction Effective communication is a significant factor that determines organizational development, as effective communication provides an opportunity for the business organizations to perform the basic functions of management effortlessly and effectively. Poor communication in the business organizations leads to confused and frustrated employees because the employees lack suitable understanding about the organization and individual roles and responsibilities. Additionally, poor communication prohibits the exchange of ideas and information thereby, hampering the working culture of the organization (Russ et al., 2013). This report highlights the role of communication expert and analyzing the role of poor communication practices in organizational crisis and failures. I am to write an investigative report to the Chairperson of The New Zealand Society of Professional Communicators (NZSPC) Margaret Knowles that discusses the potential causes of poor public communication and assessing the risks of poor public communication. Additionally, the report also sheds light on the suitable recommendations for mitigating poor public communication. Causes of poor public communication Failure to establish effective communication leads to dissatisfied and disengages employees thereby, hampering the working environment. The potential causes of poor public communication include lack of leadership, unclear job roles and responsibilities, cultural diversity, personal issue and disengaged employees (Tschannen-Moran, 2014). Lack of leadership As commented by Driver (2013), leaders provide the direction to the individuals at workplace thereby, leading them to achieve success. Poor leadership skills lead to poor communication as the leaders fail to inspire and provide confidence to the employees. As the leaders are unable to clarify the queries of the employees, they are left in the dark. As the leaders are unable to communicate the organizational goals and objectives to the employees, the employees are unclear regarding what to achieve thereby, hampering workplace. Unclear job roles and responsibilities Communications help in ensuring a clear flow of information at workplace thereby, keeping track of finished and unfinished work. As commented by Zhang et al. (2014), it is the duty of the managers to communicate the roles and responsibilities of the individual employees. Thus, a poor communication leads to unclear job roles and responsibilities in the employees there, hampering their individual and organizational performances. Unclear job roles and responsibilities also result in overlapping activities performed by the employees thereby, hampering the progress of work. Cultural diversity The workplace consists of culturally diversified individuals that are a major cause of poor communication. The individuals face difficulties in keeping their personal agenda and cultural heritage behind while communicating with a culturally diversified workplace. As mentioned by Moran, Abramson and Moran (2014), cultural differences and individual cultural belief lead to poor public communication thereby, hampering individual and organizational performances. Disengaged employees It is essential for the human resource management to engage their employees successfully. This is because disengaged employees have insufficient knowledge and understanding of the organizational goals and objectives. As the employees lack adequate knowledge, they lack interest in work and limits communication that affects the workplace atmosphere (Bhuanaiah Raya, 2014). Personal issue It has been seen that personal issues and conflicts are one of the major causes of poor communication. The individuals face difficulty in keeping their personal agenda and ego aside thereby, leading to poor communication. Inability to understand the opinions and perspectives of the fellow individuals at the workplace without being patient leads too personal issues and conflicts that lead to poor communication (Yan et al., 2013). Figure 1: Causes of poor communication (Source: Yan et al., 2013) The above graph shows that lack of leadership is the potential cause of poor communication. Additional factors such as cultural diversity and interpersonal issues hamper communication between individuals due to which organizational performance is hampered. Risks of poor public communication Poor interpersonal relationships Ineffective communication leads to the poor interpersonal relationship among the employees. This is because the individuals prefer not to communicate with other individuals due to personal issues and conflicts. With time, the individuals tend to develop grudges against each other due to lack of communication. Additionally, the individuals also develop misconceptions and misunderstand the actions of the fellow individuals thereby, leading to poor interpersonal relationships. Lack of communication results in frequent conflicts, as the individuals fail to develop trust and strong relationship with others. They do not support each other at work thereby, giving rise to an unhealthy competitive working environment. Thus, the potential risk of poor public communication is poor interpersonal relationships that hamper organizational and individual performances (King et al., 2013). Demotivated employees It is essential for the human resource management to motivate the employees at regular intervals so that they stick to the organizational goals and objectives and works towards fulfilling them. As commented by Lundgren and McMakin (2013), lack of communication leads to demotivated workforce or employees that hampers the performances. Individuals can be motivated effectively by ensuring effective communication. Poor communication prevents the leaders to develop a successful relationship with the individuals. Additionally, lack of communication prevents the leaders to develop understanding about the situation of the individuals and understanding their problems. As a result, motivation is hampered thereby, leading to demotivated individuals or employees. Loss of business Communication is the key tool that determines the success of the business. As commented by Bovee, Thill and Raina (2016), poor communication results in loss of business for the business organizations. This is because the business organizations fail to understand to present needs and demands of the target customers. Lack of communication prevents the business organizations to develop in depth knowledge about the employees as well as the target customers. As a result, the business organizations are unable to develop products and services that fulfil the demands and needs of the customers thereby, failing to attract the target customers and business maximization. Unclear flow of information within organization Poor communication leads to the unclear flow of information within the organizations. This is because poor communication prohibits the individuals working in the business organization to communicate with each other. As a result, the individuals fail to share information and ideas that to fellow individuals that are significant for completion or achievement of tasks (Russ et al., 2013). Thus, the quality of the task is hampered, as the ineffective and poor communication is practiced within the business organizations. Additionally, the unclear flow of information within the business organization results in repetitive job roles and responsibilities among the employees. For instance, more than one employee performs similar tasks at the same time that is essential for completing the project successfully thereby, wasting time. Moreover, the unclear flow of information prohibits the individuals within the organization to keep track of the work completed and left. Figure 2: Risks of poor communication (Sources: Russ et al., 2013) The above graph shows that loss of business is the major loss that the business organization encounters due to poor communication. This is because lack of communication hampers clear flow of information within the business organization that prohibits the organizations to achieve goals and objectives successfully. In addition to, poor interpersonal relationships, demotivated employees are also the potential risks of poor communication. Recommendations for improving communication It is essential for the business organizations to improve their organizational communication, as this ensures successful business and ability to sustain in the competitive market. The suitable recommendations for improving poor communication within the business organizations include: Issue: Unclear flow of information Recommendation 1: Conducting regular meetings Regular meetings will help in improving poor communication, as this will influence frequent interaction among the employees. Additionally, regular meetings will make the employees comfortable with each other thereby, facilitating sharing required ideas and information (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). Recommendation 2: Encouraging sharing of information The managers and the leaders will have to encourage the individuals in the organizations for sharing information. This can be achieved by letting them know the advantages of effective communication in achieving better organizational and individual performances. Issue: Poor interpersonal relationships Recommendation 1: Active listening Active listening will also help in improving poor communication, as this will provide an opportunity for the individuals to understand the viewpoint and perspective of the other party before making their stand. Recommendation 2: Using multiple channels for communication Poor communication can also be improved by communicating through multiple channels. The business organizations can use meetings, face-to-face talks, telephone, emails and texts to communicate the messages to the respective individual. Issue: Demotivated employees Recommendation 1: Repeating significant messages Poor communication can also be improved by repeating the significant messages. It might happen that the individuals forget significant information thereby, hampering work. Thus, repeating the significant messages by setting reminders can help in improving poor communication. Recommendation 2: Providing effective leadership Effective leadership will help in improving poor communication, as the leaders will motivate the employees to communicate with each other that will help in building a strong relationship at the workplace and working together towards fulfilling the organizational goals and objectives. Conclusion In this investigative report, it can be concluded that communication is the key factor that determines the success of the business organizations. Failure to ensure effective communication prevents the business organizations to achieve competitive advantage and sustain in the market, as the clear flow of information and sharing of ideas is prevented. The potential causes of poor public communication include lack of effective leadership, unclear job roles and responsibilities, cultural diversity, personal issue and disengaged employees. As a result, the individuals are unable to grow the strong relationship with each other thereby, giving rise to the unhealthy competitive working environment. The causes of poor communication impose potential risks for the business organizations such as poor interpersonal relationships, demotivated employees, and loss of business and unclear flow of information within the organization. As a result, the business organizations tend to lose competitive adv antage and sustain in the competitive market. Moreover, with time, poor communication leads to ineffective employee performance, as they feel demotivated and disengaged. The suitable recommendations for improving poor communication includes regular meetings, encouraging sharing of information, active listening, using multiple channels, effective leadership and repeating significant messages by setting reminders. References Bhuvanaiah, T., Raya, R. P. (2014). Employee engagement: Key to organizational success.SCMS journal of Indian Management,11(4), 61. Bovee, C. L., Thill, J. V., Raina, R. L. (2016).Business communication today. Pearson Education India. Driver, M. (2013). The lack of power or the power of lack in leadership as a discursively constructed identity.Organization Studies,34(3), 407-422. King, B. J., Gilmore?Bykovskyi, A. L., Roiland, R. A., Polnaszek, B. E., Bowers, B. J., Kind, A. J. (2013). The consequences of poor communication during transitions from hospital to skilled nursing facility: a qualitative study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,61(7), 1095-1102. Lundgren, R. E., McMakin, A. H. (2013).Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks. John Wiley Sons. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Russ, S., Rout, S., Sevdalis, N., Moorthy, K., Darzi, A., Vincent, C. (2013). Do safety checklists improve teamwork and communication in the operating room? A systematic review.Annals of surgery,258(6), 856-871. Russ, S., Rout, S., Sevdalis, N., Moorthy, K., Darzi, A., Vincent, C. (2013). Do safety checklists improve teamwork and communication in the operating room? A systematic review.Annals of surgery,258(6), 856-871. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2014).Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Tschannen-Moran, M. (2014).Trust matters: Leadership for successful schools. John Wiley Sons. Yan, Y., Qian, Y., Sharif, H., Tipper, D. (2013). A survey on smart grid communication infrastructures: Motivations, requirements and challenges.IEEE communications surveys tutorials,15(1), 5-20. Zhang, Y., LePine, J. A., Buckman, B. R., Wei, F. (2014). It's not fair or is it? The role of justice and leadership in explaining work stressorjob performance relationships.Academy of Management Journal,57(3), 675-697.